Colon Cancer Screening: Know Your Options
When it comes to preventing colon cancer, screening is one of the most powerful tools available. The good news is there isn't just one way to get screened. Several effective options are available, making it easier than ever to find one that fits your lifestyle and health needs.
Talk with your healthcare provider about which screening method is best for you.
1. Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colon cancer screening. During the procedure, a physician uses a small camera attached to a flexible tube to examine the entire colon and rectum. If polyps are found, they can often be removed during the same procedure before they have a chance to become cancerous.
While a colonoscopy does require bowel prep the day before, most people at average risk only need one every 10 years.
2. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
The FIT is a simple, non-invasive test you complete at home. It checks for tiny amounts of blood in your stool that aren't visible to the naked eye and can be an early warning sign of colon cancer.
The FIT should be completed once a year. If the test comes back positive, your doctor will recommend a follow-up colonoscopy.
Each March, the Great Plains Colon Cancer Task Force provides free at-home FIT kits to Omaha-area residents ages 45 to 74 while supplies last.
3. Stool DNA Test (Cologuard®)
The stool DNA test combines a FIT with DNA testing to look for changes that may indicate colon cancer or precancerous polyps. Like the FIT, it can be completed in the privacy of your home.
For people at average risk, this test is typically recommended every three years. An abnormal result should always be followed by a colonoscopy.
4. CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
A CT colonography uses specialized X-ray technology to create detailed images of the colon and rectum. Although it is less invasive than a traditional colonoscopy, bowel preparation is still required.
If polyps or other abnormalities are found, you'll still need a traditional colonoscopy to remove them or investigate further. This screening is generally recommended every five years.
5. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
A flexible sigmoidoscopy examines the lower portion of the colon rather than the entire colon. The procedure is shorter than a colonoscopy and can also detect and remove certain polyps.
For those who choose this option, screening is typically recommended every five years.
Why Screening Matters
Colon cancer often develops silently, without noticeable symptoms. That's why regular screening is so important. Detecting colon cancer early, or finding and removing precancerous polyps, can dramatically improve outcomes and even prevent cancer from developing.
Most adults should begin screening at age 45. If you have a family history of colon cancer or other risk factors, your healthcare provider may recommend starting earlier or screening more often.
Take the First Step
The best screening test is the one that gets done. Whether you choose a colonoscopy, an at-home FIT, or another recommended option, getting screened could save your life.
Talk with your healthcare provider about the screening option that's right for you, and encourage your family and friends to do the same. Together, we can reduce the impact of colon cancer through early detection and prevention.