How to Get Screened for Colon Cancer
The Great Plains Colon Cancer Task Force is dedicated to spreading awareness about the importance of colon cancer screening. Early detection can save lives, which is why it’s critical to understand the various screening options available and choose the one that’s right for you. Below, we’ve outlined the primary methods for screening so you can make an informed decision with your healthcare provider.
1. Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is the most well-known and comprehensive screening method for colon cancer. During this procedure, a doctor uses a long, flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of your colon and rectum. If any polyps or abnormal growths are found, they can often be removed immediately. Though it requires some preparation — such as following a special diet beforehand — a colonoscopy only needs to be done every 10 years for those at average risk.
2. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
The FIT is a simple at-home test that detects hidden blood in your stool, which can be an early sign of colon cancer. This non-invasive test is easy to complete and should be done annually. While it doesn't detect polyps or growths directly, it can signal the need for further testing if results are abnormal. We offer this at-home test in March each year to all Omaha residents, ages 45-74.
3. Stool DNA Test (Cologuard)
This test combines a FIT with a DNA test to check for genetic markers associated with colon cancer. Like the FIT, this test is done at home, making it a comfortable option for many. It is recommended every three years for those at average risk. If abnormalities are detected, a follow-up colonoscopy may be required.
4. CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy)
A CT colonography, also known as a virtual colonoscopy, uses X-rays and computer imaging to create detailed pictures of the colon and rectum. This is a less invasive option compared to a traditional colonoscopy, but it still requires bowel prep. If any issues are found, a traditional colonoscopy may still be necessary for further examination or polyp removal. Virtual colonoscopies are typically recommended every five years.
5. Sigmoidoscopy
A sigmoidoscopy is a similar procedure to a colonoscopy but focuses only on the lower part of the colon. This screening is less invasive and takes less time than a full colonoscopy. However, like a colonoscopy, it may also involve removing polyps if detected. Sigmoidoscopies are generally recommended every five years.
The Importance of Screening
Colon cancer often develops without obvious symptoms, which is why regular screening is essential, especially for individuals aged 45 and older or those with a family history of the disease. If you are at higher risk, your doctor may recommend starting screenings earlier or screening more frequently.
Take Action
Talking to your healthcare provider is the first step in determining the best screening option for you. Screening saves lives — the earlier colon cancer is detected, the easier it is to treat. The Great Plains Colon Cancer Task Force encourages everyone to stay proactive about their health and remind loved ones about the importance of regular screenings.